People with obsessive-compulsive disorder report that the severity of their symptoms was reduced by about half within four hours of smoking cannabis, according to a Washington State University study published in the Journal of Affective Disorders.
The researchers analysed data input into the Strainprint app by people who self-identified as having obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), writes Sara Zaske for Washington State University News in an article published on 20 October 2020. OCD is characterised by intrusive, persistent thoughts and repetitive behaviours such as compulsively checking if a door is locked.
After smoking cannabis, users with OCD reported it reduced their compulsions by 60%, intrusions, or unwanted thoughts, by 49% and anxiety by 52%.
The study also found that higher doses and cannabis with higher concentrations of CBD, or cannabidiol, were associated with larger reductions in compulsions.
“The results overall indicate that cannabis may have some beneficial short-term but not really long-term effects on obsessive-compulsive disorder,” said Carrie Cuttler, the study’s corresponding author and WSU assistant professor of psychology.
“To me, the CBD findings are really promising because it is not intoxicating. This is an area of research that would really benefit from clinical trials looking at changes in compulsions, intrusions and anxiety with pure CBD.”
The WSU study drew from data of more than 1,800 cannabis sessions that 87 individuals logged into the Strainprint app over 31 months. The long time period allowed the researchers to assess whether users developed tolerance to cannabis, but those effects were mixed.
As people continued to use cannabis, the associated reductions in intrusions became slightly smaller suggesting they were building tolerance, but the relationship between cannabis and reductions in compulsions and anxiety remained fairly constant.
Traditional treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder include exposure and response prevention therapy where people’s irrational thoughts around their behaviours are directly challenged, and prescribing antidepressants called serotonin reuptake inhibitors to reduce symptoms. While these treatments have positive effects for many patients, they do not cure the disorder nor do they work well for every person with OCD.
“We’re trying to build knowledge about the relationship of cannabis use and OCD because it’s an area that is really understudied,” said Dakota Mauzay, a doctoral student in Cuttler’s lab and first author on the paper.
Aside from their own research, the researchers found only one other human study on the topic: a small clinical trial with 12 participants that revealed that there were reductions in OCD symptoms after cannabis use, but these were not much larger than the reductions associated with the placebo.
The WSU researchers noted that one of the limitations of their study was the inability to use a placebo control and an ‘expectancy effect’ may play a role in the results, meaning when people expect to feel better from something they generally do. The data was also from a self-selected sample of cannabis users, and there was variability in the results which means that not everyone experienced the same reductions in symptoms after using cannabis.
However, Cuttler said this analysis of user-provided information via the Strainprint app was especially valuable because it provides a large data set and the participants were using market cannabis in their home environment, as opposed to federally grown cannabis in a lab which may affect their responses.
Strainprint’s app is intended to help users determine which types of cannabis work the best for them, but the company provided the WSU researchers free access to users’ anonymised data for research purposes.
Cuttler said this study points out that further research, particularly clinical trials on the cannabis constituent CBD, may reveal a therapeutic potential for people with OCD.
This is the fourth study Cuttler and her colleagues have conducted examining the effects of cannabis on various mental health conditions using the data provided by the app created by the Canadian company Strainprint. Others include studies on how cannabis impacts on PTSD symptoms, reduces headache pain and effects emotional well-being.
Acute Effects of Cannabis on Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Journal of Affective Disorders. Published on 6 October 2020.
Authors
Dakota Mauzay, Emily M LaFrance and Carrie Cuttler
Department of Psychology, Washington State University, United States.
Highlights
- Inhaled cannabis reduced the severity of compulsions by 60% and intrusions by 49%.
- Higher levels of CBD and higher doses predicted larger reductions in compulsions.
- Tolerance to the effects of cannabis on intrusions may develop over time
- Baseline symptom severity remained static over time suggesting no long-term benefit
Abstract
No previous research has examined the acute effects of cannabis on symptoms of OCD in humans. Therefore, this study sought to: 1) examine whether symptoms of OCD are significantly reduced after inhaling cannabis, 2) examine predictors (gender, dose, cannabis constituents, time) of these symptom changes and 3) explore potential long-term consequences of repeatedly using cannabis to self-medicate for OCD symptoms, including changes in dose and baseline symptom severity over time.
Method
Data were analysed from the app Strainprint® which provides medical cannabis patients a means of tracking changes in symptoms as a function of different doses and strains of cannabis across time. Specifically, data were analysed from 87 individuals self-identifying with OCD who tracked the severity of their intrusions, compulsions, and/or anxiety immediately before and after 1,810 cannabis use sessions spanning a period of 31 months.
Results
Patients reported a 60% reduction in compulsions, a 49% reduction in intrusions, and a 52% reduction in anxiety from before to after inhaling cannabis. Higher concentrations of CBD and higher doses predicted larger reductions in compulsions.
The number of cannabis use sessions across time predicted changes in intrusions, such that later cannabis use sessions were associated with smaller reductions in intrusions. Baseline symptom severity and dose remained fairly constant over time.
Limitations
The sample was self-selected, self-identified as having OCD, and there was no placebo control group.
Conclusions
Inhaled cannabis appears to have short-term beneficial effects on symptoms of OCD. However, tolerance to the effects on intrusions may develop over time.
[link url="https://news.wsu.edu/2020/10/20/cannabis-reduces-ocd-symptoms-half-short-term/"]Cannabis reduces OCD symptoms by half in the short-term[/link]
[link url="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032720328202"]Acute Effects of Cannabis on Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder[/link]