Aid cuts in east Africa have resulted in some babies being born with HIV because mothers could not get medication, a rise in life-threatening infections, and at least one woman having an unwanted abortion, according to interviews with medical staff, patients and experts.
A report by Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) has listed dozens of examples of the impact of disruption to Pepfar, the US global health programme launched in 2003 and credited with saving millions of lives, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa.
The Guardian reports that the document is based on interviews with 39 doctors, nurses, people living with HIV, service providers and other experts. It focuses on the first 100 days after Pepfar-funded programmes were instructed to stop work as part of the US government freeze on foreign aid.
Health workers reported shortages of drugs to control the virus, resulting in increased serious infections in people with HIV and children being born with the virus because mothers could not get medication to prevent it being passed on.
Clinics have closed, and people are skipping vital doses to eke out their supply of medication, raising the risk of drug-resistance.
Some programmes have been able to resume activities in the months since the interviews, said Emily Bass, one of the report’s authors, offering “temporary mitigation” of the harms, but there exists a “narrow window” for the US Congress to act to secure resources that will stabilise remaining services and prevent the loss of decades of progress.
The Trump administration is reportedly refusing to release about half of the $6bn funding allocated by Congress for Pepfar in the 2025 fiscal year.
In Tanzania and Uganda, HIV prevention and treatment programmes were reliant on Pepfar. The stop-work order meant clinics were unable to dispense drugs bought with US money for several days, before a waiver came through allowing treatment to continue.
Even then, disruption to supply chains meant doctors could not dispense as many drugs as usual, they said, perhaps giving patients supplies for a few weeks rather than months. Rumours spread that normal access was unlikely to return.
A mental health project research coordinator told PHR: “Someone did an abortion because of that rumour that antiretrovirals were no longer available. She said, ‘Oh well, I don’t want to have a baby who is HIV positive. I will be blamed myself, so I don’t want it’.”
By late April, one clinic reported that 25% of the pregnant women with HIV whom it had supported had given birth to children with HIV. Its clinician said drugs had not been delivered and existing stocks would not stretch far enough.
The US government waiver allowed HIV prevention programmes to continue only for pregnant or breastfeeding women. It left key at-risk groups unprotected – in Tanzania and Uganda, LGBTQ+ people, sex workers and people who use drugs face criminalisation and stigma.
Specialist services making it easier for them to access care have been hardest hit, the report found, warning of worsening discrimination when those people sought help from mainstream government clinics.
The report also found that people’s trust in domestic government, US foreign aid and antiretroviral medications had been damaged. Many said they feared a “dark” future, anticipating increased costs for care and opportunists pushing fake cures.
The US Government must “immediately restore, renew, preserve and protect global health funding for essential HIV services, including full funding commensurate with need for global HIV programmes in the FY 2026 budget, and subsequently reauthorise the Pepfar programme”, the authors concluded, so that there can be “a planned, feasible, and transparent transition to country leadership and ownership of programmes”.
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Documents unveil US plan to phase out Pepfar
Ending Aids in Africa is a challenge of equity, not science