The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute's Dr Kylie Wagstaff, who led the study, said the scientists showed that the drug, Ivermectin, stopped the SARS-CoV-2 virus growing in cell culture within 48 hours. "We found that even a single dose could essentially remove all viral RNA by 48 hours and that even at 24 hours there was a really significant reduction in it," Wagstaff said. Ivermectin is an US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-parasitic drug that has also been shown to be effective in vitro against a broad range of viruses including HIV, Dengue, Influenza and Zika virus.
Wagstaff cautioned that the tests conducted in the study were in vitro and that trials needed to be carried out in people. "Ivermectin is very widely used and seen as a safe drug. We need to figure out now whether the dosage you can use it at in humans will be effective – that's the next step," Wagstaff said.
"In times when we're having a global pandemic and there isn't an approved treatment, if we had a compound that was already available around the world then that might help people sooner. Realistically it's going to be a while before a vaccine is broadly available. Although the mechanism by which Ivermectin works on the virus is not known, it is likely, based on its action in other viruses, that it works to stop the virus 'dampening down' the host cells' ability to clear it, Wagstaff said.
Royal Melbourne Hospital's Dr Leon Caly, a senior medical scientist at the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL) at the Doherty Institute where the experiments with live coronavirus were conducted, is the study's first author. "As the virologist who was part of the team who were first to isolate and share SARS-COV2 outside of China in January 2020, I am excited about the prospect of Ivermectin being used as a potential drug against COVID-19," Caly said.
Wagstaff made a previous breakthrough finding on Ivermectin in 2012 when she identified the drug and its antiviral activity with Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute's Professor David Jans, also an author on this paper. Jans and his team have been researching Ivermectin for more than 10 years with different viruses.
Wagstaff and Jans started investigating whether it worked on the SARS-CoV-2 virus as soon as the pandemic was known to have started. The use of Ivermectin to combat COVID-19 would depend on the results of further pre-clinical testing and ultimately clinical trials, with funding urgently required to keep progressing the work, Wagstaff said.
Abstract
Although several clinical trials are now underway to test possible therapies, the worldwide response to the COVID-19 outbreak has been largely limited to monitoring/containment. We report here that Ivermectin, an FDA-approved anti-parasitic previously shown to have broad-spectrum anti-viral activity in vitro, is an inhibitor of the causative virus (SARS-CoV-2), with a single addition to Vero-hSLAM cells 2 hours post infection with SARS-CoV-2 able to effect ∼5000-fold reduction in viral RNA at 48 h. Ivermectin therefore warrants further investigation for possible benefits in humans.
Authors
Leon Caly, Julian D Druce, Mike G Catton, David A Jans, Kylie M Wagstaff
[link url="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/04/200403115115.htm"]Monash University material[/link]
[link url="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166354220302011?via%3Dihub"]Antiviral Research abstract[/link]
[link url="https://www.medicalbrief.co.za/archives/5-day-course-of-ivermectin-may-reduce-duration-of-covid-19/"]MedicalBrief Archives: 5-day course of ivermectin may reduce duration of COVID-19[/link]
MedicalBrief Archives
[link url="https://www.medicalbrief.co.za/wp-admin/post.php?post=117685&action=edit"]Lower mortality for hospitalised COVID-19 patients taking Ivermectin – ICON study[/link]