Researchers from the University of Oxford, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust, and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine found that old and infirm people are at increased risk of dehydration, especially if they require assistance with drinking. The study said left to themselves, they may not drink enough to avoid dehydration. Dehydration leads to high sodium levels, which can have severe consequences and are an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality.
Researchers reviewed the data of more than 20,000 patients aged 65 years and over admitted to a London hospital trust for the first time between January 2011 and December 2013. While 1% of patients admitted from their own home were found to have high sodium levels, the figure for patients admitted from care homes was 12%. After adjustment for a number of possible explanatory factors, including age and dementia, the risk of high sodium levels was still over five times higher for those admitted from care homes.
Co-author Professor David Stuckler, from the University of Oxford, said: "Clearly this level of dehydration is a problem. Further research is needed to understand why it is occurring. Are care home residents choosing to drink less than they should? Or, as has been speculated, are care home staff not offering enough water to reduce incontinence and the amount of assistance their residents require?"
Lead researcher Dr Anthony Wolff, of the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust said: "Our study shows that too many patients admitted to hospital from a substantial number of care homes are dehydrated, leading to unnecessary loss of life. High sodium levels in care home residents should raise questions about adequate support for drinking."
Professor Martin McKee of the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and co-author of the research paper, added: "This raises serious concerns about the quality of care provided in some care homes. When a care home has more than a few residents admitted to hospital with high sodium levels this may well be indicative of a systematic problem at the care home and the issue should be raised formally."
[link url="http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2015-01-16-dehydration-%E2%80%98common%E2%80%99-among-patients-admitted-care-homes#"]University of Oxford release[/link]
[link url="http://jrs.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/01/12/0141076814566260"]Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine abstract[/link]