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Saturday, 8 February, 2025
HomeHarm ReductionFDA pushes to make cigarettes non-addictive

FDA pushes to make cigarettes non-addictive

US officials have released a far-reaching proposal to make cigarettes less addictive by capping their nicotine content, a goal long sought by anti-smoking advocates but which is unlikely to go into effect anytime soon.

The proposed rule from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) came in the final days of President Joe Biden’s term, greatly reducing the likelihood that it will actually be enacted.

New President Donald Trump and his health nominees have not commented on the measure, but a similar effort led by Trump’s first FDA commissioner, Dr Scott Gottlieb, was sidelined during his first term, reports TIME.

Trump’s Health Secretary, Robert F Kennedy Jr, has said little about how regulating tobacco fits into his plans to overhaul the government’s approach to fighting chronic disease. Even if the effort goes ahead under Trump, tobacco companies like Reynolds American and Altria are almost certain to challenge it in court, delaying implementation.

The FDA has spent years studying the issue and said last week that reducing nicotine would help nearly 13m current smokers kick cigarettes within one year. Roughly 48m more young people would never take up the habit because cigarettes would essentially become non-addictive, according to agency projections.

“This action, if finalised, could save many lives and dramatically reduce the burden of severe illness and disability, while also saving huge amounts of money,” FDA Commissioner Robert Califf said.

Under the agency’s plan, nicotine in cigarettes would be capped at levels that “could no longer create and sustain this addiction among people who smoke”. Companies would have years to reformulate their products after publication of a final regulation.

The agency posted its 334-page proposal online last Wednesday and said it would take public comments for nine months before taking any further steps.

Anti-smoking advocates overwhelmingly back the idea and urged Kennedy to help implement it.

“Tobacco regulation is a huge part of reaching the goals he’s outlined for reducing chronic disease and a really important part of the conversation we need to have in this country,” said Chrissie Juliano of the Big Cities Health Coalition, which represents the heads of more than 30 metropolitan Health Departments.

Smoking causes more than 480 000 US deaths each year due to cancer, heart disease, stroke and other smoking-related illnesses. Those conditions often take decades to develop and remain elevated today, despite ongoing declines in smoking among adults and teenagers.

The idea of limiting nicotine has its roots in sweeping powers given to the FDA by Congress in 2009 to regulate the tobacco industry. But the FDA’s efforts on nicotine and a host of other tobacco measures – such as adding graphic warning labels to cigarette packs – have been hampered for years by tobacco industry lawsuits.

Under the law, the agency can regulate nicotine but cannot remove it completely. The latest proposed limits on nicotine would apply to cigarettes, cigars and pipe tobacco, but not electronic cigarettes and other lower-risk products. While many e-cigarettes have not undergone extensive testing, the FDA has endorsed several major brands, including NJOY and Vuse, as less harmful alternatives for smokers.

Currently, there are no US limits on nicotine, which occurs naturally in tobacco plants. There are several techniques for removing it, including chemical extraction and cross-breeding plants.

The latest FDA announcement comes as smoking in the US continues to fall. Last year, the smoking rate hit another all-time low of just one in nine adults saying they currently smoke.

Low-nicotine cigarettes are not a new idea. Several companies, including Philip Morris, experimented with selling the products during the 1980s and 1990s, without much success.

In 2019, the FDA authorised a cigarette that contains 95% less nicotine than standard cigarettes.

The FDA has sponsored studies showing that when smokers switch to very low nicotine cigarettes they smoke less and are more likely to try quitting. That research is considered pivotal to establishing that smokers won’t compensate by just smoking more cigarettes or inhaling more deeply.

That was sometimes the case with “light” and “low tar” cigarettes marketed in decades past. Those products were subsequently banned as misleading.

 

TIME Magazine article – The FDA Wants to Make Cigarettes Non-addictive (Open access)

 

See more from MedicalBrief archives:

 

Is nicotine just an unassuming bypasser with a villain complex?

 

US moves to reduce cigarette nicotine levels

 

Smoking cessation treatment for patients with depression could save 203,000 US lives

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