A large new study suggests that people who have up to seven drinks a week in middle age have a lower risk of heart failure over the long term than those who abstain – though too much wine, beer or liquor could lead to an earlier death from other causes, reports Reuters Health. The study authors cautioned that people with heart failure should avoid alcohol, and that their study does not mean that others should start drinking "with abandon".
The results are based on observation over time, so they cannot prove that moderate drinking protects against heart failure, they added. "We don't know if alcohol is protective or if people who drink a little bit might do other things that might be contributing to their better health," said Dr Scott Solomon of Harvard Medical School in Boston, the study's senior author.
While previous research has shown a link between mild to moderate alcohol intake and lower risk of coronary heart disease, such as heart attacks, "what we didn't know was whether this would also extend to heart failure even in patients who did not have prior heart attacks," Solomon said. "We were concerned because there is some evidence that alcohol is toxic to the heart directly," he said. A moderate amount of alcohol is less than some people might expect – about seven drinks over the whole week.
The researchers used data from the large and ongoing Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, following 14,629 adults who were 45 to 64 years old at the start of the study in 1987. People who didn't drink at all made up 61% of those included in the analysis, though 19% were former drinkers. About 25% of the study population drank up to seven drinks weekly, 8% averaged seven to 14 drinks a week, 3% had 14 to 21 drinks weekly and 3% drank 21 or more.
Men who had up to 14 drinks weekly were 20% less likely than abstainers to develop heart failure and women who drank up to 7 glasses weekly were 16% less likely, the study found.
"If we were giving a drug and doing this in a trial and showing that effect, people would say, okay that's a modest reduction," Solomon said. "It's simply not as robust for women," he said. "It could be women are smaller in general and so this might have to do to some degree with body size. But also other factors with gender in terms of how we metabolise alcohol," he added.
A higher percentage of men and women developed heart failure if they were former drinkers compared to those who never drank. And men and women who drank 21 or more drinks weekly were also more likely to die from other causes than those who didn't drink that much.
"The decision to stop drinking may not be random, it may be influenced by other factors that might be related to risk of illness," said Solomon.
[link url="http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/06/us-health-alcohol-heart-failure-idUSKBN0L92YH20150206"]Full Reuters Health report[/link]
[link url="http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/01/17/eurheartj.ehu514#abstract-1"]European Heart Journal abstract[/link]